Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 17، number In Volume 1، Apeil 2024 ، issue Number 95

A comparative study of the components of epic style in the poems of Sabai Kashani's Shahshah-name and Ibn Hossam Khosfi's Khavaran-name based on the theory of triple actions of Georges Dumzil

Masoumeh Karimian Kalahrodi , Fereshte Naseri (Author in Charge), Maryam Pikanpour

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: comparative mythology deals with the comparative-systematic investigation of the themes and mythological narratives of different cultures and peoples, especially cultures and peoples that have a common origin, to the ancient myths of this culture. Reconstruct the nations and tribes in a way and in this way achieve their common linguistic, religious and social constructions. One of the significant figures in the field of comparative mythology is Georges Dumzil. His most important achievement in the adaptation of mythology is his functionalist theory, which deals with the three social functions of sovereignty, warfare and abundance in Indo-European myths. The present study tries to answer this question by relying on the theory of three actions: "The similarities of the epic style components in the Iranian verse epics "Khavarannameh and Shahshahnameh" based on the theory of three actions. What are the songs of George Domzil? In recent years, various researches have been conducted in the form of analysis of epic texts, both prose and verse, according to the theory of comparative mythology of the activist Georges Domzil, and most of these researches were based on only one work or a part of it. They are The innovation of this research is in its statistical community and the method of analysis, which for the first time has used all kinds of epic texts (historical, religious) as the basis of the work in order to find out the similarities and differences in the ways of using the components of the epic style in this system. according to the theoretical foundations of the research.

METHODOLOGY: The research was done with descriptive-analytical method and using library resources. Considering the main goal of this research, which is the study and analysis of two epic systems in Persian based on the theory of three actions, one system as a religious system "Khavrannameh", and one system as a historical system - Pahlavi "Shahshahnameh" is the basis of analysis.

FINDINGS: According to the findings of the research, it seems that in each of the types of "historical-heroic, religious" epic poems, one of the triple actions considered by Georges Domzil has a greater appearance. The main factor in this field is the "worldview governing the work", "content" and "content" of these systems. In both systems, "dreaming and prophesying" is the factor that shapes the flow of the narrative; But it has a different function in each of the systems. In the religious system of "Khavarannameh" which describes the bravery of the Shia leader, the act of fighting/soldier is more prominent. According to the content of this work, elements such as Farrah Yazidi and Ruin-tani have been represented in a different way; In the sense that Khusfi has given these components a holy and divine aspect and the miracle and supernatural power of the hero of the work prevails over other epic aspects of this system. In this system, the action of rulership and the action of abundance/fertility have a very limited expression. According to the content of the work, the actions of rulership and war and bravery are more prevalent in the Shahshahnameh of Saba. As the hero of the narrative, Abbas Mirza fights against foreigners/non-Iranians and is a symbol of the authority and greatness of Iranians.

CONCLUSION: The results of the research show that according to the religious content of the Khavarannameh system, this work is very different from the Shahshahnameh historical-pahlavi system in terms of the components of the epic style in the activist theory of Georges Dumzil.

Keyword
epic poems , Georges Dumzil , three acts , Sheshanshah-nama of Saba , Khavaran-nama of Ibn-Hossam Khosfi.

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